The doctrine of karma explains that
advancement and well-being are the results of well-doing; but there
should be no mistake as to exactly what is meant by well-doing and
well-being ...
respectively. The object of the entire scheme is, so far
as we are concerned, the evolution of humanity; and consequently the
man who does best is he who does most to help forward the evolution
of others as well as his own. The man who does this to the utmost
extent of his power and opportunity in one life will certainly find
himself in the next in possession of greater power and wider
opportunities. These are not unlikely to be accompanied by worldly
wealth and power, because the very possession of these usually gives
the opportunity required, but they are by no means a necessary part
of the karma; and it is important for us to bear in mind that the
result of usefulness is always the opportunity for further and wider
usefulness, and we must not consider the occasional concomitants of
that opportunity as themselves the reward of the work done in the
last incarnation.
One instinctively shrinks from the use of
such words as reward and punishment, because they seem to imply the
existence, somewhere in the background, of an irresponsible being who
deals out both at will. We shall get a truer idea of the way in which
karma works if we think of it as a necessary readjustment of
equilibrium disturbed by our action — as a kind of illustration of
the law that action and reaction are always equal. It will also help
us much in our thinking if we try to take a broader view of it — to
regard it from the point of view of those who administer its laws
rather than from our own.
Though the inevitable law must
sooner or later bring to each man unerringly the result of his
own work, there is no immediate hurry about it; in the counsels of
the eternal there is always time enough, and the first object is the
evolution of humanity. Therefore it is that one who shows himself a
willing and useful instrument in forwarding that evolution always
receives as his “reward” the opportunity of helping it
still further, and thus, in doing good to others, to do best of all
for himself. Of course if the thought of self-advancement were his
motive for thus acting, the selfishness of the idea would
vitiate the action and narrow its results; but if, forgetting himself
altogether, he devotes his energies to the single aim of helping in
the great work, the effect upon his own future will undoubtedly be as
stated.
A definite protest ought once for all to be entered ...
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against the theory that suffering is the necessary condition of
spiritual progress. Exercise is the condition of attaining physical
strength, but it need not be painful exercise; if a man is willing
to, take a walk every day, there is no need to torture him on the
tread-mill in order to develop the muscles of his legs. For spiritual
progress a man must develop virtue, unselfishness, helpfulness —
that is to say, he must learn to move in harmony with the great
cosmic law; and if he does this willingly there is no suffering for
him but that which comes from sympathy with others.
Granted
that at the present time most men refuse to do this, that when they
set themselves in opposition to the great law suffering invariably
follows, and that the eventual result of many such experiences is to
convince them that the path of wickedness and selfishness is also the
path of folly; in this sense it is true that suffering
conduces to progress in those particular cases. But because we
wilfully elect to offend against the law, and thereby bring down
suffering upon ourselves, we have surely no right so to blaspheme the
great law of the universe as to say that it has ordered matters so
badly that without suffering no progress can be made. As a matter of
fact if a man only will, he can make far more rapid progress without
suffering at all.
It must, however, be remembered that any man
who has once realised the glorious goal which lies before us can
never be perfectly happy until he has attained that goal, and that he
finds an ever-present source of dissatisfaction in his own failings.
Now even dissatisfaction is a modified form of suffering; and from
that no man can hope to be free until the imperfection has been
outgrown. “God, Thou hast made us for Thyself, and our hearts
are ever restless till they find their rest in Thee.”
Whether it is comforting or the reverse to know that one’s
sufferings are deserved may be a matter of opinion; but that in no
way alters the undoubted fact that unless they had been so deserved
they could not possibly come to us. It is lamentable that so many
people should adopt the unphilosophical and indeed childish attitude
which leads them to assume that any idea which does not fall in with
their particular sectarian preconceptions cannot possibly be true.
Unintelligent people constantly say: “The Theosophical teaching
about karma does not ...
- 353 -
seem to me so comfortable as the Christian idea
of forgiveness of sins,” or “The Theosophical
heaven-world does not seem so real and beautiful as the Christian,
and so I will not believe in it.”
They evidently think,
poor creatures, that their likes and dislikes are powerful enough to
alter the laws of the universe, and that nothing of which they do not
approve can possibly be on any plane. We, however, are
engaged in studying the facts of existence, which after all are not
modified because Mr. and Mrs. So-and-so would rather believe them to
be otherwise than they are. If it were possible for anyone to be an
innocent victim there would be no certainty of the operation of the
great law of cause and effect anywhere in the universe, which would
be a far more terrible thing for us than having to work out the
results of any amount of sin committed in former lives. It can never
be too strongly emphasized that the law of karma is not the
vindictive vengeance of some angry deity, but simply an effect
naturally and inevitably following upon its cause in obedience to the
action of universal law.
Every individual will have to pay to
the utmost every debt that he contracts, and to every individual the
most perfect justice will be done; but for this purpose it is not
always necessary that a vast crowd of egos should be perpetually
meeting one another in successive lives. If one man so acts towards
another as seriously to hasten or retard his evolution, if he does
anything which produces upon the other a marked or permanent effect,
it is fairly certain that the two must meet again in order that the
debt may be adjusted. It is obvious that that may be done in various
ways.
A man who murders another may conceivably sometimes
himself be murdered in turn in another incarnation; but he can cancel
the karma much more satisfactorily if he happens to have an
opportunity in that next incarnation of saving the life of his former
victim at the cost of his own. It would seem that sometimes he may
cancel it without losing his own at all; for among the many lines of
lives which have been examined we found at least one case in which a
murderer apparently fully expiated his fault by patiently devoting
the whole of a later life to the service of the person whom he had
previously slain.
There is a vast amount of minor karma which
appears to go into what may be described as a kind of general fund.
The ...
- 354 -
schoolboy who mischievously pinches a classmate will certainly
not have to meet that classmate a thousand years hence under other
skies in order to be pinched by him in return, though it is
unquestionable that even in so small a matter as this perfect justice
will be done to both the parties. Constantly as we pass on through
life we shower small kindnesses upon those whom we meet; carelessly
and often unconsciously we do them small injuries in thought and word
and deed. Every one of these brings its corresponding result of good
or evil to ourselves, and we too, though we knew it not, were the
agents of karma in those very actions. The small kindness which we
attempt will prove a failure if the recipient does not deserve even
that much of help; the careless slight will pass unnoticed by its
victim if there has been nothing in his past for which it is a
fitting retribution.
It is not easy to draw the line between
these two classes of karma — that which necessitates personal
adjustment and that which goes into the general fund. It is certain
that whatever influences a person seriously belongs to the first
category, and small everyday troubles belong to the second; but we
have at present no means of knowing exactly how much influence must
be exerted in order that an action may rank in the first-class.
We must remember that some of the greatest and most important of
all karma can never be personally repaid. In all our line of lives,
past and future, no benefit can be greater than that which the
Masters have conferred upon us in giving us access to the
Theosophical teaching; yet to Them as individuals we can make
absolutely no return, since They are far beyond the need of anything
that we can do. Yet even this stupendous debt must be discharged like
all the rest; but the only way in which we can ever repay it is by
handing on the knowledge to others. So we see that here is another
kind of karma which may be said to go into the general fund, though
not quite in the same sense as before.
A querent asks,
“If it is a man’s karma to have scarlet-fever, by what
mechanism is the result brought about?”
I do not think
that, in the sense in which the questioner means it, it ever is a
man's karma to have scarlet-fever. It is his karma in a given
incarnation to have as the result of his actions in past lives a
certain amount of physical suffering, and if a scarlet-fever germ
happens to be at hand when he is in a sensitive condition, it may be
permitted to fasten upon him, and ...
- 355 -
part of that debt of suffering may
be discharged in that way. But if such a germ does not happen to be
there at the moment, one of cholera or tuberculosis will do just as
well, or instead of a disease there may be a broken limb caused by a
bit of orange-peel on the pavement or by a passing motor car.
I
am aware that there are books which lay down with great precision the
exact type of karma which follows upon certain action — as, for
example, that if a man is rude to his father in one incarnation he
will be born lame of the right leg in the next, whereas if it is with
his mother that he has a difference of opinion it will be the left
leg which is affected, and so on. But in the many lines of lives
which we have examined in order to study the working of karma we have
found no such rigidity. On the contrary, We were especially struck no
less by the wonderful flexibility of karma than by its unerring
certainty. By no possible effort can the man escape a single
feather-weight of the suffering destined for him, but he may often
avoid it in one shape only to find it inexorably descending upon him
in a different form, from some unsuspected quarter.
Just as a
debt of ten pounds can be paid in a single note, in two smaller
notes, in gold or silver, or even in a bag-full of copper, so a
certain amount of karma may come in one terrible blow, in a number of
successive but less severe blows of various kinds, or even in a long
series of comparatively petty annoyances; but in any and every case
the full tale must be paid.
The same sin, committed under the
same circumstances by two exactly similar people, must result in the
same amount of suffering, yet the kind of
suffering might be almost infinitely varied, according to the
requirements of the case. Take as an example one of the very
commonest of failings, and let us think what would be the probable
result of selfishness. This is primarily a mental attitude or
condition, so we must look for its immediate result on the mental
plane. It is undoubtedly an intensification of the lower personality
at the expense of the individuality, and one of its results will
therefore certainly be the accentuation of that lower personality, so
that selfishness tends to reproduce itself in aggravated form, and to
grow steadily stronger.
Thus more and more of the higher would
be lost in each life through entanglement with the lower, and
persistence in this fault would be a fatal bar to progress; for
nature’s severest penalty ...
- 356 -
is always deprivation of the opportunity
for progress, just as her highest reward is the offering of such
opportunity. So here we have already a glimpse of the way in which
selfishness may itself bring about its own worst result, in so
hardening the man as to make him insensible to all good influences,
and to render his further progress impossible until he had conquered
it.
There would also be the karma on the physical plane of all
the unjust or unkind acts which the man's selfishness
might lead him to commit; but the worst penalty that those could
bring upon him would be trivial and evanescent beside the effect upon
his own mental condition. It is possible that one result might be
that he would be drawn by affinity into the society of selfish
people, and so through suffering from this vice in others he would
learn how heinous it is in himself. But the resources of the law are
endless, and we mistake if we imagine it as cramped down to the line
of action on which we in our ignorance think it ought to be
administered.
A large proportion of the man's suffering is
what Mr. Sinnett calls “ready-money karma” — that is to
say, it is not due to the result of actions in past lives, and not in
any real sense necessary at all. But his actions, in spite of
examples put before him and advice freely given to him, are so
foolish, and his ignorance is so invincible, so apparently perverse,
that he is constantly involving himself in suffering the causes of
which are transparently obvious and readily evitable. I do not think
that I exaggerate when I say that nine-tenths of the suffering of the
ordinary man is utterly unnecessary, for it is not the result of the
distant past, but is simply the outcome of the mistaken action or
foolish attitude of this present life.
Another point to be
taken into account is that man in his calculations so often fails to
discriminate between good and evil effects. The average man regards
death as the greatest of all evils, either for himself or for his
friends; yet in many cases karma grants it as a reward. It is,
indeed, hardly ever an evil or a punishment, but simply an incident —
a kind of move in the game, inevitable at certain intervals, but at
all times available as a temporary solution of a difficult position
when it is seen to be desirable. It is rarely a matter of anything
approaching the importance which is commonly attributed to it.
If we can conceive two newly-formed egos standing side by side,
absolutely primitive and karmaless, and one of them should kill the
other, or, indeed, act in any way with regard to the other, a result
would be produced which would be, strictly speaking, undeserved. I
doubt whether any such condition ever exists, for I think that the
individualised animal brings over something of karma into his first
human birth.
Many animals have a sense of right and wrong, or
at least a knowledge that some things ought to be done and that
others ought not to be done; and they are capable of feeling ashamed
when they have done what they think to be wrong. They have in many
cases a power of choice; they can exercise (or not
exercise) patience and forbearance; and where there is a power of
choice there must be responsibility, and consequently karma. The
savage animal becomes a savage and cruel man; the gentle and patient
animal becomes a gentle and kindly man, however primitive he may be.
This serious difference is clearly the consequence of karma made in
the animal kingdom. Such karma must inhere in the group-soul, but
must be equally distributed through it, so that when a portion breaks
off as an individual, it will carry within it its share of that
karma.
It may be said that that only pushes our difficulty a
little farther back, for there must be a first step sometime, and we
must technically consider the result of that first step as unjust.
Not necessarily. Let us suppose the first step to be a fight
between two animals. The wish to kill or wound would be equally
present in both; the karma of that wish would in the case of the
vanquished be worked out at once by death, whereas the victor would
still owe a debt which would probably be discharged later by his own
death by violence. In considering the case of humanity, however, we
need not indulge in any such speculations.
We have behind us a
great mass of accumulated energy of ...
- 357 -
both kinds, desirable and
undesirable, and I can hardly imagine any conceivable
“accident” that would not suit as an expression for some
part of its infinite variety. Therefore shipwreck or financial ruin
does not discriminate, because it need not; there is always something
which can work itself out in that way in the whole mass of karma
which lies behind an ordinary man. In the rare cases where there is
nothing remaining which can so work itself out, the man cannot be
injured, and is therefore what is commonly called miraculously
saved.
Nothing could be more wildly absurd than the idea that
anything we can do can prevent the working out of karma. For example,
if a child is born under circumstances which lead to its being
cruelly treated, no doubt such treatment is in accordance with its
previous karma; but if kindly intervention delivers it from the
demons in human form who torment it, then that intervention also is
in accordance with its karma. If it were not, then the
well-intentioned effort to rescue it would fail, as we know it
sometimes does. Our obvious duty is to do all the good we can, and to
render all the help within our power in every direction; and we need
have no haunting fear that in doing so we are interfering with the
work of the great karmic deities, who are assuredly perfectly capable
of managing their business with absolute exactitude, whatever we do
or do not do.
Does karma seem merciless? If that adjective can
be correctly applied to the working of Nature’s laws, I suppose we
must admit that it is so, just as the law of gravitation is. If a
child slips over the edge of a precipice, no matter how sad may be
the circumstances surrounding the slip, he usually falls to the
bottom of that precipice just as effectually as would an older and
more responsible person; if a man seizes a red-hot iron bar, he is
equally burnt whatever may have been his object in seizing it, or
whether he knew that it was hot or not. Yet it would hardly occur to
us to think of the bar or the precipice as merciless, or to blame the
law of gravitation or the law of the radiation of heat. Does not
exactly the same thought apply in the case of karma?
The Method of Karma
It is
scarcely possible to put into words the appearance presented to
clairvoyant vision on the higher planes by the working ...
- 358 -
of this law of
karma. It seems as though the man’s action built cells or channels
stored with energy, through the reactions of which he can be reached
by the law of evolution. The appearance is as though all sorts of
forces are playing round him, but they are able to influence him only
by acting through these energies which he has himself set in motion.
He is continually adding to the number of these cells or channels of
energy, and so is continually modifying the possibilities of reaching
him. It is in meeting and dealing with all these kaleidoscopic
changes, and yet in spite of them all getting in its work and
accurately performing its task, that the marvellous and all but
incredible adaptability and versatility of karma is exhibited.
There is another aspect of karma the consideration of which I have
found helpful in the effort to understand its working; but it belongs
to a plane so high that it is unfortunately impossible to put it
clearly into words. Imagine that we see each man as though he were
absolutely alone in the universe, the center of an incredibly vast
series of concentric spheres. Every thought, or word, or action of
his sends out a stream of force which rushes towards the surfaces of
the spheres. This force strikes the interior surface of one of the
spheres, and, being at right angles to it, is necessarily reflected
back unerringly to the point from which it came.
From which
sphere it is reflected seems to depend upon the character of the
force, and this also naturally regulates the time of its return. The
force which is generated by some actions strikes a sphere
comparatively near at hand, and is reflected back very quickly, while
other forces rush on almost to infinity, and return only after many
lives. But in any case they inevitably return, and they can return
nowhere but to the center from which they came forth. Each man makes
his own spheres, and the play of his forces is in no way affected by
the action of those sent up by his neighbor, for they cross one
another without interfering, just as do the rays of light from two
lamps. And the medium through which they move is frictionless, so
that the amount of force which returns is precisely that which the
man himself has generated.
There are three great types of karma, which the Indians call sanchita, prarabdha and kriyamana.
The first — sanchita — is the whole vast mass of unexhausted karma, good or bad, which still waits to be
worked out; let us call it mass-karma. The ...
- 359 -
much
modified, and the life will by no means follow the lines laid down in
the horoscope. Sometimes the modifications introduced are such that
the elemental is unable fully to discharge himself before the time of
the man's death; and in that case whatever is left of him is again
absorbed into the great mass of the sanchita karma — that which has
not yet been worked out; and out of that another and more or less
similar elemental is made ready for the beginning of the next
physical life.
The great mass of the accumulated karma can also
be seen hovering over the ego. Usually it is not a pleasant sight,
because by the nature of things it contains more evil than good
result. In the earlier days of their development in the remote past,
most men have done many things that they should not have done, and
thereby have laid up for themselves as a physical result a good deal
of suffering on this lowest plane. In the present day all civilised
beings have risen at least to the level of good intention, and
consequently there is much less of directly evil karma being made by
such people. We all do foolish things at times; we all make mistakes;
but still on the whole the average civilised being is trying to do
good and not harm, and therefore on the whole is likely to be making
more good karma than bad. But by no means all of the good karma goes
into that great accumulated mass, and so we get the impression in
that of a preponderance of evil over good.
The result of most
good thoughts or good actions is to improve the man himself, to make
one or other of his bodies vibrate in response to higher forces, or
to bring out in him qualities of courage, determination, affection,
devotion, which he did not possess in so full a measure before. All
this effect then shows in the man himself and in his vehicles, but
not in the mass of piled up karma which is waiting for him. If,
however, he does some good action definitely with the thought of its
reward in his mind, good karma for that good action will come to him,
and will store itself up with the rest of the accumulation until such
time as it may be brought forward and materialised into activity.
This good karma naturally binds the man to earth just as effectually
as evil karma, and consequently the man who is aiming at real
progress learns to do all actions absolutely without thought of self
or of the result of his action, because if there is no thought of
self, results of the ordinary kind cannot touch him.
- 361 -
have a collision. It may or may not be in the destiny appointed for this
particular life that that man should die about this time. If it is,
he will no doubt be killed; if it is not, he may be saved, if such
saving does not involve too great an interference with the ordinary
laws of nature. I think we may say that he probably will
be saved if the prolongation of his physical life would appreciably
hasten his evolution. It is intended that in each life some lesson
should be learned, some quality developed. If that life-work is
already done — or if, on the other hand, it is obvious that the man
will not succeed in doing it this time, no matter how long he lives —
he has nothing to gain by continued physical life, and he may just as
well be delivered from it.
Also, if there be in the vast mass
of his previous karma some debt that can be adequately cancelled by
whatever of physical or mental suffering may be involved in such a
death, the opportunity of that cancellation may very well be taken
when it thus offers itself, even though it may not have been included
in the original plan for this particular life. But if in the whole of
the mass-karma there is nothing that will fit in with such a death,
the man simply cannot die that way, and he will inevitably
be saved, even though it be by means which seem miraculous. We hear
of such cases — cases in which a huge beam has fallen so as just to
save a man from being crushed by the superincumbent weight of the
wreckage, or in which when an ocean steamer has gone down with all
hands, one man has somehow floated ashore on a hen-coop.
We
must not forget the influence on our destiny of that third variety of
karma which we are making for ourselves every day. A man may be doing
such good work that for the moment he cannot be spared; he may or he
may not have acted so as to deserve release from the physical plane
at that particular period. Our tendency is to attach an altogether
exaggerated importance to the time and the manner of our death. If
for a moment we try to imagine how the matter must present itself to
the Great Beings in charge of our evolution, we shall gain a much
truer appreciation of relative values. To them the progress of the
egos in their charge is the one matter of importance. They know the
lessons to be learned, the qualities to be developed.
They must
regard it much as a schoolmaster regards the amount of work which a
boy has to do before qualifying himself ...
- 363 -
for entrance to the
university. The schoolmaster divides that work according to the time
at his disposal; so much must be done in each year, and the year' s
work in turn must be subdivided into terms and even into days. But he
will allow himself a considerable amount of latitude with regard to
these minor divisions; he may decide to devote two days instead of
one to some specially difficult point, or he may close a lesson
earlier than he intended if its object is clearly achieved.
Our
lives are exactly these days of school life, and, the lesson may be
lengthened or shortened as the teacher sees to be best. Death is
merely the release from school at the end of one day's lesson. We
need not trouble ourselves about it in the least; we should
thankfully accept it whenever karma permits it to us. We must realise
that the one important thing is that the appointed lesson should be
learned. The sections into which that lesson shall be divided, the
length of the various lesson-hours, and exactly when they shall begin
or end — all these are details which we may well leave to the agents
of the Great Law.
From this point of view no death can be
described as premature, for we may always be absolutely certain that
what comes to us from without is what is best for us. Our business is
to do our very best with each life, and to make every effort to
retain it as long as possible. If we ourselves cut it short by
recklessness or improper living, we are responsible, and the effect
will assuredly be prejudicial; but if it is cut short by something
entirely beyond our control, we may be sure that the curtailment is
for our good.
Nevertheless what has been written in some of our
books about “premature” death is quite true. In extreme
old age desire fades away, and so something of the work of the astral
life is already done before the man leaves the physical plane. A
similar result is achieved by long sickness, and so in either of
these cases the astral life is likely to be comparatively short and
without serious suffering. This may be called the ordinary course of
nature, and it is only by comparison with it that an earlier death
may be spoken of as “premature.” If a person dies in
youth, desire is still strong, and therefore a stronger and more
strenuous astral life may be expected — a condition on the whole less
desirable. But if the Powers behind decided that an earlier death is
best, we may feel sure that They know of other considerations which
outweigh the prolongation of the astral life.
- 364 -
already developed, but what is needed is that he
should develop the powers which he has not, and this means hard work
and suffering, but also rapid progress. There is assuredly no such
thing as punishment and reward, but there is the result of our
actions, which may be pleasant or unpleasant. If we upset the
equilibrium of nature in any way it inevitably readjusts itself at
our expense.
An ego sometimes chooses whether he will or will
not take certain karma in the present life, though often the
brain-mind may know nothing of this choice, so that the very adverse
circumstances at which a man is grumbling may be exactly what he has
deliberately chosen for himself in order to forward his evolution.
When he is becoming a disciple, and is therefore somewhat out of the
stage of evolution which is normal at present, he often dominates and
largely changes his karma — not that he can escape his share, or any
least portion of it, but that he gains much new knowledge and
therefore sets in motion new forces in many directions, which
naturally modify the working of the old ones. He plays off one law
against another, thus neutralising forces whose results might hinder
his progress.
It has often been said that the disciple who
takes steps to hasten his own progress thereby calls down suffering
upon himself. That is not perhaps quite the best way to put it. All
that he does is to take his own evolution earnestly in hand, and to
endeavor, as rapidly as may be, to eradicate the evil and develop
the good within himself, in order that he may become ever a more and
more perfect living channel of the divine love. It is true that such
action will assuredly attract the attention of the great Lords of
Karma, and while Their response will be to give him greater
opportunity, it may and often does involve a considerable increase of
suffering in various ways.
But if we think carefully we shall
see that this is exactly what might be expected. All of us have more
or less of evil karma behind us, and until that is disposed of, it
will be a perpetual hindrance to us in our higher work. One of the
earliest steps in the direction of serious progress is therefore the
working out of whatever of this evil still remains to us, and so the
first response of the Great Ones to our upward striving is frequently
to give us the opportunity of paying off a little more of this debt
(since we have now made ourselves strong enough to do ...
- 366 -
it) in order
that it may be cleared out of the way of our future work. The manner
in which this debt shall be paid is a matter which is entirely in
Their hands and not in ours; and we can trust Them to manage it
without inflicting additional suffering upon others — unless of
course those others have also some outstanding karmic debt which can
be discharged in this way. In any case the great karmic deities
cannot act otherwise than with absolute justice to every person
concerned, whether directly or remotely.
Varieties of Karma
The karma of service
done is always the opportunity for more service. This is one of the
rules which emerge with the greatest certainty from our study of the
working of karma in the many past lives which have been examined.
When a man leads a particularly good life it by no means follows that
in the next one he will be rich or powerful or even comfortable; but
it does absolutely follow that he will have wider opportunities for
work. Clearly the Logos wants His work done, and if we wish for
opportunities of progress we must show that we are willing to work.
Knowledge brings responsibility, along with opportunity. To
yield to what you know to be wrong, or to go back a step in order to
gain force for a greater spring forward, is to miss your opportunity.
Lives may pass before you gain the same opportunity again. If you
neglect the knowledge or vision which points out to you a fault, you
will certainly be born in the next life without that knowledge or
vision. Knowledge should always be used; it is a mistake to think
that you can postpone your activity and retain the knowledge.
We may make for ourselves most unpleasant future conditions if we
choose to behave foolishly, but it is practically impossible for us
who are now cultured people to throw ourselves back in a future birth
into the position of savages or people of really low class. We may
waste our time and make no progress, but unless we actually take to
the practice of black magic, and use tremendous power in the wrong
direction, we cannot throw ourselves back as far as that. Through
misconduct or through neglect of opportunities we may be born in an
uncomfortable position in our own class, or even in one a little
lower, but it would upset the scheme of things if we could be thrown
back into the savage state. Exceptional actions sometimes produce
exceptional results, but as a general rule violent ups and downs are
not practical; obviously it would be impossible for a cultured man to
work out the kind of karma which in his position he must have made,
if he were thrown back into the narrow conditions of an ignorant
agricultural laborer. For the plans of the Logos an ever-increasing
number of cultured people are needed, and therefore when once a man
is born into a noble position he is on whole likely to continue to be
so born.
There are, however, certain kinds of action which
bring unusually horrible karma as their results. For example, the
karma of cruelty of any kind, whether to men or to animals, is always
especially awful in character; it often brings with it chronic
physical ailments, accompanied by most acute sufferings, and often
also it produces insanity — this last more especially when the
cruelty is of a refined and intentional character. We have found, for
example, that many members of the ignorant mob who tortured Hypatia
in Alexandria have been reborn in Armenia, and have themselves
suffered all sorts of cruelties at the hands ...
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of the Turks. People who
are now, apparently by accident, burnt to death with awful sufferings
are often those who have burnt others in the middle ages, or looked
on with glee at those ghastly scenes of martyrdom.
Any injury
done to a highly developed person reacts terribly upon the doer. We
should indeed be careful about our attitude towards any Great One who
may come, for He, being far in advance of us, is likely to be
misunderstood — to be different from what we have expected, and
therefore not to be appreciated. One reason why the Great Ones do not
more often come amongst men is that the karma of misjudging and
ill-using Them is dreadful, and the fools among mankind are sure to
incur it. I have myself seen a case in which a great soul, born where
he was not understood, fell when young into the hands of a brutal and
incompetent pedagogue who shamefully abused him. I have also been
allowed to see the karma which will follow upon that cruelty, and I
shudder when I think of it. Truly may it be said of that miserable
wretch, in the words attributed to the Christ, that before he had
“offended one of these little ones, it had been better for him
that a millstone had been hanged about his neck, and he had been
drowned in the depths of the sea.”
Closely associated
with this is the subject of the karma of ingratitude, which is always
exceptionally heavy — most of all when the ingratitude is shown to an
occult teacher. People are constantly pressing forward, desiring to
come into touch with the Masters, to attract Their attention; and
they sometimes think that the pupils of those Masters try to hold
them back, or at any rate decline to assist them in their efforts to
approach. The pupil of the Masters exists only to help others, and
nothing pleases him more than to draw another to the Feet where he
has learned so much himself. But when he sees from the type of the
aspirant that he does not yet understand those Great Ones, that his
attitude towards Them is captious, irreverent, presumptuous, he will
take no responsibility in the matter, for he knows that serious
disaster is certain to result. A man of such temperament is sure to
make bad karma anywhere; it would be foolish to put him into a
position where he can multiply it a hundredfold.
For example, I
have noticed cases in which people who have been deeply devoted to
our President change their minds, and begin to abuse and slander her.
That is a wicked thing, and it makes far worse karma than would be
the maligning of a person to whom they owed nothing. I do not mean
that people have no right to change their minds. If a man finds that
he can no longer conscientiously follow our President, he has a full
right to withdraw himself from among her disciples; we may regret his
blindness, but we have no word of blame for him, for each man must do
what he sees to be right. For such a departure there is no evil karma
but that of the loss of opportunity — the ordinary result of failing
in a test and making a serious mistake. But if after dropping away
the man begins venomously to attack her and to circulate scandalous
falsehoods against her, as so many have done, he is committing a very
grave sin, and the karma of his action is exceedingly heavy.
Vindictiveness and lying are always wicked; but when a man directs
them against one from whose hands he has received the cup of life,
they become a crime the effects of which are appalling.
The
fact that a man has a large amount of bad karma behind him makes
anything like occult advancement impossible for him until it is
worked off. For example, those who are deeply involved in karmic
debts are not likely to be candidates for membership in the community
of the sixth root-race.
No one could become an adept if he ...
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had evil
karma behind him, because he must be free from any necessity for
rebirth. A man who can function freely in his buddhic or rational
vehicle, and so drop the causal body, need never again take up the
latter; but naturally this cannot be done until all the karma of the
lower planes is exhausted. The Master sends out all of His forces in
open curves; but any lower thought of self causes the force sent out
to travel in a closed curve, so that, whether it be good or bad, it
has to return to its source and the man must come back to receive
it.
A man is not free from the binding results on lower planes
until he is perfectly selfless on those planes. A man who when
helping another feels perfectly the unity with him, obtains the
result of his action on the rational plane only, and not lower down.
Do not forget also that we are making karma on the astral plane, for
a man can make karma wherever his consciousness is developed, or
wherever he can act or choose. I have seen cases where actions done
on the astral plane have borne karmic fruit in the next physical
life. Another point to remember is that there is always a general
karma belonging to an order or a nation, and that each individual in
that order or that nation is, to a certain extent, responsible for
the action of the whole. For instance, a priest has a certain
responsibility for all that the collective priesthood does, even
though he may not personally approve of it.
Animal Karma
Students often ask
questions upon the working of karma in connection with the animal
kingdom, saying that since it is scarcely conceivable that animals
can have made much karma of any kind, it is difficult to account for
the extreme differences to be observed in their conditions — one
being well and kindly treated, while another is subjected to all
kinds of brutalities, one always protected and well-fed, while
another is left to starve and to fight for the bare right of living.
There are two points to be borne in mind in this connection:
first, an animal often does make a good deal of karma;
second, the well-treated animal has not always so much advantage as
he appears to have, for association with man does not always improve
the animal or tend to evolve it in the right direction. The sporting
dog is taught by the hunter to be far more savage and ...
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brutal than it
could ever become in any form of life that could come to it by
nature; for the wild animal kills only to satisfy his hunger, and it
is only man who introduces into animal life the wickedness of killing
for the sake of the lust of destruction. However much his
intelligence may be developed, it would have been far better for this
unfortunate creature if he had never come into contact with humanity;
for through him his group-soul has now made karma — karma
of the most evil kind, for which other dogs which are expressions of
that group-soul will have to suffer later in order that gradually the
savagery may be weeded out.
The same may be said of the lap-dog
who is pampered by some foolish mistress so that he gradually loses
all the canine virtues, and becomes an embodiment of selfishness and
love of ease. In both these cases man is criminally abusing his trust
with regard to the animal kingdom, and is deliberately developing the
lower instead of the higher instincts in the creatures committed to
his care, thereby making bad karma himself, and leading a group-soul
to make bad karma also. Man's duty towards the dog is clearly to
evolve in him devotion, affection, intelligence and usefulness, and
to repress kindly but firmly every manifestation of the savage and
cruel side of his nature, which a brutalised humanity has for ages so
sedulously fostered.
Questioners sometimes speak as though they
thought that a dog or a cat receives a certain incarnation as a
reward of merit. We are not as yet dealing with a separated
individuality, and therefore there is for that particular animal no
past in which individual karma in the ordinary sense of the word can
have been generated — nothing either to merit or to receive a reward.
When a particular block of that monadic essence which is evolving
along the line of animal incarnation which culminates in (let us say)
the dog, has reached a fairly high level, the separate animals which
form its manifestation down here are brought into contact with man,
in order that its evolution may receive the stimulus which that
contact alone can supply.
The block of essence ensouling that
group of dogs has in the matter so much of karma as is involved in
having so governed its manifold expressions that it has been able to
reach the level where such association is possible; and each dog
belonging to that group-soul has his share of the result. So that
when people ask what an individual dog can have done to merit a life
of ease or the reverse, they are allowing themselves to be deceived
by the illusion of mere outward appearance, and forgetting that there ...
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is no such thing as an individual dog, except during the latter part
of that final incarnation in which the definite breaking away of a
fresh soul from the block has occurred.
Some of our friends do
not realise that there may be such a thing as the commencement of an
entirely new piece of karma. When an injury is done by A to B, they
always fall back on the theory that at some previous time B must have
injured A, and is now imply reaping what he has sown. That may be so
in many cases, but such a chain of causation must begin somewhere,
and it is quite as likely that this may be a spontaneous act of
injustice on A's part, for which karma will assuredly have to repay
him in the future, while B's suffering, though undeserved as far as
A is concerned, is the payment for some other act or acts which he
has committed in the past in connection with some one else.
In
the case of the ill-treatment of an animal by a man this is certain —
that it cannot be the result of previous karma on the part of the
particular animal, because if it were an individual capable of
carrying over karma it would not have been again incarnated in animal
form.
But the group-soul of which it is a part must have
acquired karma, or the thing could not happen. Animals do often
intentionally cause each other terrible suffering. It is reasonably
certain from various considerations that the prey killed by a wild
beast for food, in what may be called the natural necessary course of
business, does not suffer appreciably; but in the
unnecessary and intentional fights which so often occur between
animals — bulls, stags, dogs or cats, for example — great pain is
wilfully inflicted, and that means bad karma for the group-soul,
karma that must in the future be paid by it through some of its
manifestations.
Not for one moment, however, not by one tittle,
does that lesson the guilt of the human beast who treats the animal
cruelly, or causes him to fight or inflict pain on other creatures.
Most emphatically there is karma, and exceedingly heavy karma, stored
up for himself by the man who thus abuses the power to help which has
been placed in his hands, and in many and many a life to come he will
suffer the just result of his abominable brutality.
If one
takes the trouble necessary to obtain a complete grasp of such
knowledge as is already available in Theosophical literature on the
subjects of karma and of animal reincarnation, the main principles
upon which their laws work will be found clear and readily
comprehensible. I fully recognise how small and general such
knowledge is, and I realise that many cases are constantly occurring
in which the details of the method in which the karma works itself
out are entirely beyond our ken; but you may see enough to show you
that what we have been taught as to the inevitability and the
absolute justice of the great law is one of the fundamental truths of
nature. Secure in that certainty, you can afford to wait for the more
detailed comprehension until you gain ...
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